Linux-在Ubuntu搭建ftp服务器
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}</style><title>Ubuntu搭建ftp服务器</title><p>本文将在Ubuntu 22.04上搭建ftp服务器,对于其他版本Ubuntu系统或者其他系列的Linux发行版,配置都差不多。</p><p>下述内容配置好了匿名用户和Ubuntu本地用户登录ftp服务器,并能上传和删除文件。</p><h2 id="安装vsftpd">安装vsftpd</h2><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo apt install vsftpd</pre><p>vsftpd服务在安装完成后会自动启动。通过下述命令可以查看vsftpd的状态:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo systemctl status vsftpd</pre><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/AilsonJack/2023.08.20/082152340731553.png" onclick="preview_image('/uploads/AilsonJack/2023.08.20/082152340731553.png')"/></p><h2 id="配置vsftpd">配置vsftpd</h2><p>可以通过编辑<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件来配置vsftpd服务器。大多数ftp配置在配置文件中都有描述。有关所有可用选项,可以官方<a href="http://vsftpd.beasts.org/vsftpd_conf.html">vsftpd页面</a>进行查询。</p><p>执行下述命令打开<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf</pre><h3 id="配置ftp登录方式">配置FTP登录方式</h3><p>将<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中的<code>anonymous_enable</code>和<code>local_enable</code>设置成如下的配置:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=YES</pre><p>anonymous_enable:控制是否允许匿名登录。</p><p>local_enable:控制是否允许Ubuntu的本地用户登录(ftp客户端可以使用Ubuntu的用户名和密码登录到ftp服务器中)。</p><h3 id="限制用户访问其他目录">限制用户访问其他目录</h3><p>为防止FTP用户访问其主目录之外的其他目录,在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中,取消<code>chroot_local_user=YES</code>的注释:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">chroot_local_user=YES</pre><p>并且在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件的末尾添加下述内容,设置ftp用户的主目录为<code>/home</code>:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">local_root=/home</pre><h3 id="允许上传和删除操作">允许上传和删除操作</h3><p>在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中,取消<code>write_enable</code>的注释,以允许对文件系统进行更改,例如上传和删除文件。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">#用户是否有写的权限
write_enable=YES</pre><p>在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中,打开匿名用户的一些配置,如果下述配置在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中没有,可以在配置文件中进行添加:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">#允许匿名用户上传
anon_upload_enable=YES
#允许匿名用户创建目录文件
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#允许匿名用户删除文件
anon_other_write_enable=YES</pre><h3 id="设置匿名用户的默认目录">设置匿名用户的默认目录</h3><p>在<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件中,增加<code>anon_root</code>的配置,内容如下:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">anon_root=/home/ailsonjack/share</pre><p>anon_root:设置匿名用户的默认路径。</p><p>到这里已经完成了对<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件的配置,保存退出<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件的编辑。</p><p>在<code>/home/ailsonjack</code>文件夹中创建<code>share</code>文件夹,命令如下:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">cd /home/ailsonjack
mkdir share</pre><p>为了保证匿名用户能够顺利的上传和删除文件,需要在<code>share</code>文件夹中创建<code>ftp</code>文件夹,之后改变<code>ftp</code>文件夹的权限为<code>777</code>,匿名用户就只能在<code>ftp</code>文件夹中进行文件的上传或者删除。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">cd share
mkdir ftp
chmod 777 ftp/</pre><h2 id="使配置生效">使配置生效</h2><p>设置完成<code>/etc/vsftpd.conf</code>文件之后,执行下述命令重启vsftpd来使设置生效:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo systemctl restart vsftpd</pre><h2 id="禁用防火墙">禁用防火墙</h2><p>为了确保ftp服务器能够正常工作,我这里简单的关闭防火墙,命令如下:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo ufw disable</pre><p>关闭防火墙之后,可以执行下述命令查看防火墙的状态:</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash">sudo ufw status</pre><p>至此,Ubuntu搭建ftp服务器算是完成了,试试吧。</p><!--!doctype-->
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